دانلود Organic Chemistry I as a Second Language کتاب شیمی آلی 1 کلین Klein

دانلود Organic Chemistry I as a Second Language کتاب شیمی آلی 1 کلین Klein

کتاب شیمی آلی 1 به عنوان زبان دوم ویرایش 2 دوم Organic Chemistry I as a Second Language 2nd edition نوشته و تالیف دیوید کلین David R. Klein بدون شک یکی از بهترین کتاب های مرجع در زمینه شیمی آلی می باشد و در بین دانشجویان و اساتید شیمی از محبوبیت بالایی برخوردار است. از دلایل محبوبیت و پرطرفدار بودن این کتاب توضیحات کامل و جامع به زبان گویا و سلیس همراه با حل و بررسی مثال ها و تمرین های متعدد می باشد.

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مشخصات کتاب

• عنوان انگلیسی:  Organic Chemistry I as a Second Language
• عنوان فارسی : شیمی آلی 1 به عنوان زبان دوم
• فرمت فایل: PDF
• حجم فایل فشرده:  3.26 مگابایت 
• ویرایش: 2
• سال انتشار: 2007
• زبان نوشتاری: انگلیسی
• نویسنده(ها):  David R. Klein
• تعداد صفحات: 377 صفحه
• تعداد فصل ها: 13 فصل
• نحوه دریافت : دریافت فوری و آنی لینک دانلود فایل بعد از پرداخت

فهرست مطالب و عناوین فصل های کتاب

CHAPTER 1 BOND-LINE DRAWINGS 1
1.1 How to Read Bond-Line Drawings 1
1.2Ho w to Draw Bond-Line Drawings 5
1.3 Mistakes to Avoid 7
1.4 More Exercises 8
1.5 Identifying Formal Charges 10
1.6 Finding Lone Pairs That Are Not Drawn 14
CHAPTER 2 RESONANCE 20
2.1 What Is Resonance? 20
2.2 Curved Arrows: The Tools for Drawing Resonance Structures 21
2.3 The Two Commandments 24
2.4 Drawing Good Arrows 27
2.5 Formal Charges in Resonance Structures 29
2.6 Drawing Resonance Structures—Step by Step 33
2.7 Drawing Resonance Structures—By Recognizing Patterns 38
A Lone Pair Next to a Pi Bond 38
A Lone Pair Next to a Positive Charge 41
A Pi Bond Next to a Positive Charge 43
A Pi Bond Between Two Atoms, Where One of Those Atoms Is
Electronegative (N, O, etc.) 44
Pi Bonds Going All the Way Around a Ring 45
2.8 Assessing the Relative Importance of Resonance Structures 47
CHAPTER 3 ACID–BASE REACTIONS 53
3.1 Factor 1—What Atom Is the Charge on? 54
3.2F actor 2—Resonance 57
3.3 Factor 3—Induction 62
3.4 Factor 4—Orbitals 66
3.5 Ranking the Four Factors 67
3.6 Quantitative Measurement (pKa values) 71
3.7 Predicting the Position of Equilibrium 71
3.8 Showing a Mechanism 73
CHAPTER 4 GEOMETRY 76
4.1 Orbitals and Hybridization States 76
4.2Geometry 80
CHAPTER 5 NOMENCLATURE 84
5.1 Functional Group 85
5.2Unsaturation 87
5.3 Naming the Parent Chain 89
5.4 Naming Substituents 91
5.5 Stereoisomerism 95
5.6 Numbering 98
5.7 Common Names 103
5.8 Going from a Name to a Structure 104
CHAPTER 6 CONFORMATIONS 106
6.1 How to Draw a Newman Projection 107
6.2Ranking the Stability of Newman Projections 111
6.3 Drawing Chair Conformations 115
6.4 Placing Groups on the Chair 118
6.5 Ring Flipping 123
6.6 Comparing the Stability of Chairs 129
6.7 Don’t Be Confused by the Nomenclature 133
CHAPTER 7 CONFIGURATIONS 134
7.1 Locating Stereocenters 135
7.2Determining the Configuration of a Stereocenter 138
7.3 Nomenclature 146
7.4 Drawing Enantiomers 151
7.5 Diastereomers 156
7.6 Meso Compounds 157
7.7 Drawing Fischer Projections 160
7.8 Optical Activity 165
CHAPTER 8 MECHANISMS 167
8.1 Curved Arrows 168
8.2Arro w Pushing 173
8.3 Drawing Intermediates 175
8.4 Nucleophiles and Electrophiles 178
8.5 Bases Versus Nucleophiles 179
8.6 The Regiochemistry Is Contained Within the Mechanism 182
CHAPTER 9 SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS 211
9.1 The Mechanisms 211
9.2F actor 1—The Electrophile (Substrate) 214
9.3 Factor 2—The Nucleophile 217
9.4 Factor 3—The Leaving Group 220
9.5 Factor 4—The Solvent 223
9.6 Using All Four Factors 226
9.7 Substitution Reactions Teach Us Some Important Lessons 227
CHAPTER 10 ELIMINATION REACTIONS 229
10.1 Mechanisms (E1 and E2) 230
10.2F actor 1—The Substrate 231
10.3 Factor 2—The Base 232
10.4 Factor 3—The Leaving Group 235
10.5 Factor 4—Solvent Effects 236
10.6 Using All of the Factors 236
10.7 Elimination Reactions—Regiochemistry and Stereochemistry 238
CHAPTER 11 ADDITION REACTIONS 242
11.1 Terminology Describing Regiochemistry 242
11.2T erminology Describing Stereochemistry 244
11.3 Adding H and H 253
11.4 Adding H and X, Markovnikov 256
11.5 Adding H and Br, Anti-Markovnikov 263
11.6 Adding H and OH, Markovnikov 268
11.7 Adding H and OH, Anti-Markovnikov 272
11.8 Synthesis Techniques 277
11.9 Adding Br and Br; Adding Br and OH 285
11.10 Adding OH and OH, Anti 290
11.11 Adding OH and OH, Syn 293
11.12Oxidati ve Cleavage of an Alkene 296
CHAPTER 12 PREDICTING PRODUCTS 299
12.1 General Tips for Predicting Products 299
12.2 Getting Practice 300
12.3 Substitution Versus Elimination Reactions 311
12.4 Looking Forward 315
CHAPTER 13 SYNTHESIS 316
13.1 One-step Syntheses 318
13.2Multistep Syntheses 329
13.3 Retrosynthetic Analysis 330
13.4 Creating Your Own Problems 331
Answer Key 333
Index 354